Paint and pigment.



OSCAR WARREN PICKERING, 0F SPRINGFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR T0 PICKERING PAINT & PIG-MENU. COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF WEST VIR- Patented May 2, 1916.

GINIA.

. 'PAINT AND LPIGMENT.

1 181 588; Specification of Letters Patent.

No Drawing.

when exposed to ingredients of or associated with the atmosphere, more permanency or stability when exposed to light, and less specific gravity, whereby the settling out from the paint vehicle is prevented, and which will be more readily miscible with oils or other vehicles than such substances as white lead, contain less lead and produces greater and better results, and it contains a compound or composition of metal aluminate and metal hydroxid such as a compound or composition of lead with alu minium and oxygen in the form of lead aluminate or its equivalent combined or associated with a hydroxid, such as lead hydroxid, and the same associated with a vehicle such as a drying oil of the linseed type and in some cases with a diluent of drying nature such as turpentine, in the form of paint or similar commodity.

When ordinary white lead is employed in or as a paint associated with such vehicles as linseed oil and turpentine the. gravity of the lead compound or composition which comprises a lead carbonate and hydroxid (hvdrate) in proportion of approximately two parts of the former to one part of the latter, or chemically 2IbCO,, -Pb(OH),, is such that it soon separates or settles out from mixed paint and is hard to remix again to a uniform consistency. The lead compound or composition when exposed to the atmosphere is readily attacked and decomposed by sulfur therein and turned black and it is to obviate these and other difficulties that thepresent invention is devised.

The lead aluminate which is preferred in conjunction with the metal or lead hy-. droxi d is the normal alummate and the p1gment is produced by the action of lead ace- Application filed August 4, 1315. Serial No. 43,615.

tate'on sodium aluminate and sodium hydroxid (caustic soda) thus 2Pb(C2H302l1+NLAlgO4+2N21OH= PoAlzO4Pb(OH)g+4NaCgH O;.

The sodium acetate is washed out of the lead aluminate and lead hydroxid precipitate and the acetic acid recovered by treatment with a stronger acid such as sulfuric. The leadaluminate and lead hydroxid thus produced is thoroughly'washed and dried, yielding a white product of superior mixing qualities with oils and producing a paint which readily spreads and presents a body covering of great light diffusive quality.

It will be noted that the lead aluminate and lead hydroxid contains aluminium oxid in place of carbon dioxid of the ordinary white lead which is more permanent and less a lfected by decomposing ingredients of the atmosphere and it more readily assimilates with oils or other paint vehicles and especially with dryingoils, such as linseed, tung, and the like, or the same associated with driers such as turpentine.

Instead of a pigment composed of lead aluminate and lead hydroxid, the lead aluminate may be associated with any other metal hydroxid or hydrate, such as aluminium hydroxid, zinc hydroxid, etc., corresponding to white lead. except that the lead car'- bonate is substituted by lead aluminate and the lead hydroxid by another metal hydroxid or like lead hydroxid thus White lead. QPbOOg-PMOHM. Newpi gment. arbanok-rmonn Or with different metal hydroxid. 2PbAlzO4Al;(OH)

This compound or composition of lead aluminate and lead or other metal hydroxid or hydrate may be produced by acting on a mixture of, sodium alumin'ate and sodium hydroxid or hydrate with lead acetate or lead acetate and a solublecompound of another metal compatible with lead acetate without decomposition such as aluminium acetate or zinc acetate, or a mixture of lead acetate and acetic acid in cases where aluminium hydroxid is desired associated with the lead aluminate as shown in the third formula in which case sodium aluminate is employed without the sodium hydroxid (caustic soda).

The lead aluminate and lead or other 7 compound similar to the lead carbonate and metal hydroxid are thrown down or precipitated from the, aqueous solution of the compounds referred to in such an intimate state of division and admixture as to present the appearance of anmactual chemical lead hyd'roxid, (hydrate) compound or composition of the so-ca'lled, white lead.

1 p i It will be noted that'in the compound comprising lead 'aluminate and lead or other fmetal hydroxid, the percentage of lead in the compound over that contained in white lead .or lead carbonate thereof is reduced ?'and the bulk of the paint increased by the employment of the aluminate andthe productis therefore much cheaper as to cost than white lead while atthe same time it yields a product of greater superiority'over the old form of lead carbonate and hydrateboth as to spreading power and resistance to atmospheric decomposition thereby renducing the point without departin from the spirit of the invention which broadly comprises as a new pigment or paint a metal aluminate and metal hydroxid or its equivalent, or specifically lead aluminate and lead hydroXid or lead aluminate associated or combined with a metal of like or unlike *character in the form of a hydroxid or hydrate or specifically lead, aluminium, zinc, or other metal hydroxid or hydrate, or such compounds or compositions associatedwith a paint vehicle, such as a dryingoil (linseed) or the same with a drier (turpentine The so-called white lead contains lead compounds which are slightly soluble in water and produce a poisoning effect when employed, to the painter, the maker and the user, which is largely prevented if not entirely avoided in the making, employment and the use of the less soluble lead aluminate and metal hydroxid in place of the lead carbonate and lead hydroxid which is contained in white lead.

In the manufacturing, shipping, and dispensing of mixed paints the lead aluminate and metal hydroxid pigment is of great utility, in that its lesser gravity than White lead maintains it in a mixed or suspended condition in the paint vehicle, thus avoiding the settling out of the pigment to a great extent and yielding a more uniformly mixed paint and maintained as such, which is of greater utility, durability, spreading power, and practical utility, than pigments and paints of mixed character employed hitherto.

As an example of the manner in which ametal aluminate such as lead aluminate and a different metal hydroxid may be produced reference is directed to the following chemical formula or equation which illustrates the formation of lead aluminate and aluminium 'hydroxid by the interaction of sodium aluminate and lead acetate and acetic acid Any metal aluminate may be employed, such as copper, magnesium, chromium, iron,

mercury, nickel, calcium, or other metal aluminate, which aluminate may be simple, compound, complex or composite in nature and may be associated with like or unlike metal hydroxid in chemical combination or physical association without departing from the spirit of the invention and any other metal hydroxid may be substituted for the lead hydroxid in the lead aluminate compound or composition, such as aluminium, zinc, or other metal hydljQ i It is obvious that the i' etal of the aluminate may exist at any atomicityand the aluminate may comprise the normal, basic,

sociated or combined with other substances,

ingredients or vehicles.

The term or expression paint as employed herein is intended to imply and does imply a pigment or dry paint as such or associated with a vehicle or carrier of any suitable kind, preferably of liquid character, capable of enabling the associated pigment ordry paint to be spread on a surface in a coating by means of a brush or its equivalent; the term or expression vehicle implies a pigment or dry paint carrier, preferably of fluid nature, which may consist of or comprise any suitable character comprising one which may evaporate entirely, leaving the pigment or dry paint upon the surface or within the pores of the article to which it is applied, such as water, benzin, etc., or the same associated with a paint fixative, such as gum, resin, casein compounds, etc., or it may comprise an oil of any suitable kind such as a petroleumproduct, vegetable oil of drying or non-drying character, etc., so long as it acts to carry the pigment or dry paint and enhance the spreading thereof by action of a brush or its equivalent, or the oil and pigment may be associated with a suitable fixative or drier; and the term drier implies a substance or con: stituent of the oil .or paint composition which is capable of fixing the oil or paint by transforming it into a gelantinous or nonfluid condition by acting-as an oxygen carrier to the oil forming a non-fluid oil oxygenated compound, such as linoxyn, or an oil setting or gelatinant, such as metal soap or oleates or. resinates either directly employed or formed in the paint by interaction of the ingredients. such as the resin acids formed by oxidation of turpentine and their action on a pigment or dry paint metal compound constituent. For example, the drying or transforming of a fluid non-drying petroleum product or vegetable oil into a non-fluidor fixed gelatinous condition, as a pigment or dry paint vehicle orv fixative may be accomplished by associating the pigment or dry paint, such as lead alumimate and non-drying vegetable oil, such as cottonseed oil, with turpentine which, when it is spread on a surface and exposed to oxygen of the air, results in the conversion of the turpentine into resin acid aldehyds, which united with the lead and aluminium content forming resinates, also the oil or propenyl or glyceryl oleate. reacts, with the lead aluminate forming lead glycerinate, lead and aluminium oleate'and resin and aliphatic or oleac acid ethers, all of which products, resinates, oleates, glycerinates and ethers increase the viscosity, absorb, combine with, retain, orocclude the excess of oil and the pigment transforming the whole into a gelatinous or non-fluid and substantially dry condition, just as water is retained or dried by gelatin or glue, in this manner oils of ordinarily non-drying character. may be employed as well as drying oils as paint vehicles with and for pigments of the metal aluminate variety.

Having now described my invention what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is p 1. A new pigment comprising a metal aluminate and a metal hydroxid.

2. A new pigment comprising a metal aluminate and a like metal hydroxid.

3. A new pigment comprising lead aluminate and a metal hydroxid.

4. A new pigment comprising lead aluminate and lead hydroxid.

5. A paint comprising a metal aluminate, a metal hydroxid and a vehicle.

6. A paint comprising a metal aluminate, a like metal hydroxid, and a vehicle.

7. A paint comprising lead aluminate, a metal hydroxid, and a vehicle.

8. A paint comprising lead aluminate, lead hydroxid, and a vehicle.

9. A paint comprising metal aluminate, metal hydroxid, and an oil.

10. A paint comprising metal aluminate, a like metal hydroxid, and an oil.

11.' A paint comprising lead aluminate, a metal hydroxid, and an oil.

12. A paint comprising leadv aluminate, lead hydroxid, and an oil.

13. A paint comprising metal aluminate, metal hydroxid, and a drying oil.

14. A paint comprising metal aluminate, a like metal hydroxid, and a drying oil.

15. A paint comprising lead aluminate, a metal hydroxid, and a drying oil.

16. A paint comprising lead aluminate, lead hydroxid, and a drying oil.

17. A paint comprising metal aluminate, metal hydroxid, an oil, and a drier.

18. A paint comprising metal aluminate, a like metal hydroxid, an oil and a drier.

19. A paint comprising lead aluminate, a metal hydroxid, an oil, and a drier.

20. A paint comprising lead aluminate, lead hydroxid, an oil, and a drier.

21. A paint comprising metal aluminate, metal .hydroxid, a drying oil, and a drier.

22. A paint comprising metal aluminate, a like metal hydroxid, a drying oil, and a drier.

23. A paint comprising lead aluminate, a metal hydroxid, a drying oil, and a drier.

24:. A paint comprising lead aluminate, lead hydroxid, a drying oil, and a drier.

25. A paint comprising metal aluminate, metal hydroxid, an oil, and turpentine.

26. A paint comprising metal aluminate,

a like metal hydroxid, an oil, and turpen tine.

27. A paint comprising lead aluminate, a metal hydroxid, an oil, and turpentine.

28. A paint comprising lead aluminate, lead hydroxid, an oil. and turpentine.

29. A paint comprising metal aluminate, metal hydroxid, a drying oil, and turpentine.

30. A paint comprising metal aluminate, a likemetal hydroxid, a drying oil, and turpentine.

31. A paint comprising lead aluminate, a metal hydroxid, a drying oil, and turpentine.

32. A paint comprising lead aluminate, lead hydroxid, a drying oil, and turpentine.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

OSCAR WARREN PICKERING.

Witnesses:

F. L. Wms'rNER, James H. SCOTT. 

